(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8, PECL intl >= 1.0.0)
grapheme_substr — Return part of a string
Procedural style
$string, int $offset, ?int $length = null): string|falseReturn part of a string
stringThe input string. Must be valid UTF-8.
offsetStart position in default grapheme units. If $start is non-negative, the returned string will start at the $start'th position in $string, counting from zero. If $start is negative, the returned string will start at the $start'th grapheme unit from the end of string.
length
Length in grapheme units.
If $length is given and is positive, the string returned will contain
at most $length grapheme units beginning from $start (depending on the
length of string). If $length is given and is negative, then
that many grapheme units will be omitted from the end of string (after the
start position has been calculated when a start is negative). If $start
denotes a position beyond this truncation, false will be returned.
Returns the extracted part of string, or false on failure.
Example #1 grapheme_substr() example
<?php
$char_a_ring_nfd = "a\xCC\x8A"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE' (U+00E5) normalization form "D"
$char_o_diaeresis_nfd = "o\xCC\x88"; // 'LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS' (U+00F6) normalization form "D"
print urlencode(grapheme_substr( "ao" . $char_a_ring_nfd . "bc" . $char_o_diaeresis_nfd . "O", 2, -1 ));
?>
The above example will output:
a%CC%8Abco%CC%88