getopt

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)

getopt — Gets options from the command line argument list

Description

getopt ( string $options [, array $longopts [, int &$optind ]] ) : array

Parses options passed to the script.

Parameters

options
Each character in this string will be used as option characters and matched against options passed to the script starting with a single hyphen (-). For example, an option string "x" recognizes an option -x. Only a-z, A-Z and 0-9 are allowed.
longopts
An array of options. Each element in this array will be used as option strings and matched against options passed to the script starting with two hyphens (--). For example, an longopts element "opt" recognizes an option --opt.
optind
If the optind parameter is present, then the index where argument parsing stopped will be written to this variable.

The options parameter may contain the following elements:

  • Individual characters (do not accept values)
  • Characters followed by a colon (parameter requires value)
  • Characters followed by two colons (optional value)
Option values are the first argument after the string. If a value is required, it does not matter whether the value has leading white space or not. See note.

Note: Optional values do not accept " " (space) as a separator.

Note:

The format for the options and longopts is almost the same, the only difference is that longopts takes an array of options (where each element is the option) whereas options takes a string (where each character is the option).

Return Values

This function will return an array of option / argument pairs, or FALSE on failure.

Note:

The parsing of options will end at the first non-option found, anything that follows is discarded.

Changelog

Version Description
7.1.0 Added the optind parameter.
5.3.0 Added support for "=" as argument/value separator.
5.3.0 Added support for optional values (specified with "::").
5.3.0 Parameter longopts is available on all systems.
5.3.0 This function is no longer system dependent, and now works on Windows, too.

Examples

Example #1 getopt() example: The basics

<?php
// Script example.php
$options = getopt("f:hp:");
var_dump($options);
?> 
shell> php example.php -fvalue -h

The above example will output:

array(2) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["h"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Example #2 getopt() example: Introducing long options

<?php
// Script example.php
$shortopts  = "";
$shortopts .= "f:";  // Required value
$shortopts .= "v::"; // Optional value
$shortopts .= "abc"; // These options do not accept values

$longopts  = array(
    "required:",     // Required value
    "optional::",    // Optional value
    "option",        // No value
    "opt",           // No value
);
$options = getopt($shortopts, $longopts);
var_dump($options);
?> 
shell> php example.php -f "value for f" -v -a --required value --optional="optional value" --option

The above example will output:

array(6) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(11) "value for f"
  ["v"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["a"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["required"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["optional"]=>
  string(14) "optional value"
  ["option"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Example #3 getopt() example: Passing multiple options as one

<?php
// Script example.php
$options = getopt("abc");
var_dump($options);
?> 
shell> php example.php -aaac

The above example will output:

array(2) {
  ["a"]=>
  array(3) {
    [0]=>
    bool(false)
    [1]=>
    bool(false)
    [2]=>
    bool(false)
  }
  ["c"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Example #4 getopt() example: Using optind

<?php
// Script example.php
$optind = null;
$opts = getopt('a:b:', [], $optind);
$pos_args = array_slice($argv, $optind);
var_dump($pos_args); 
shell> php example.php -a 1 -b 2 -- test

The above example will output:

array(1) {
  [0]=>
  string(4) "test"
}

See Also